Reducing fare evasion without infrastructure changes

The problem

Luas carries more than 34 million passengers each year through Dublin on a system that depends on widespread compliance to operate efficiently and fairly. While most passengers comply with fare payment, a small minority do not, undermining revenue, eroding perceptions of fairness, and disadvantaging honest fare-paying customers. The operator needed a solution that could reduce fare evasion without damaging trust in a well-loved public service and avoiding expensive infrastructure changes.